Punches are usually attached to the ram of the machine by clamps and move to produce the bending force. A die with a long rail form tool with a radiused tip that locates the inside profile of the bend is called a punch. The configuration of the tools for these three types of bending are nearly identical. These three are Air Bending, Bottoming and Coining. There are three basic types of bending on a press brake, each is defined by the relationship of the end tool position to the thickness of the material. The U-punch forms a U-shape with a single punch. The formed bend radius is dependent upon the dies used, the material properties, and the material thickness. The bend radius refers to the inside radius.
The bend deduction is the amount the sheet metal will stretch when bent as measured from the outside edges of the bend. When sheet metal is bent, it stretches in length. The amount of spring back is dependent on the material, and the type of forming. When bending is done, the residual stresses cause the material to spring back towards its original position, so the sheet must be over-bent to achieve the proper bend angle. Usually bending has to overcome both tensile stresses and compressive stresses. In press brake forming, a work piece is positioned over the die block and the die block presses the sheet to form a shape.
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